The economic value of nature

Nationalpark-Schwarzwald, Grinde Dreifuerstenwegle © Luis Scheuermann

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New research published in the journal Nature Sustainability led by University of Cambridge and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) proves that exploiting nature is a bad financial decision. The economic value of nature has resonated for longer amongst global leaders and a new statistical framework was launched worldwide on 11 March 2021.

Global Study

The study gathered data from around the globe: across six continents with 24 main sites, with 38 additional areas. For these areas the scientists calculated the financial gain of both their “ecosystem services” like carbon sequestering or flood protection, and also the possible financial gains from the production of goods like water and timber. Based upon this input, scientist calculated their financial worth and projected this over the next 50 years. It’s the largest ever study that compares the value of protecting nature at particular locations with that of exploiting it.

Even if you are only interested in dollars and cents, we can see that conserving and restoring nature is now very often the best bet for human prosperity.

Says professor Andrew Balmford

Economic outputs from natural sites were compared to sites nearby where conversion for human exploitation had already taken place – the results showed an overwhelming economic value of nature.

To calculate the financial benefits, the TESSA tool was used, which is designed specifically to compare the financial gains from a site depending on its usage, allowing for the comparison of an ecosystem service vs. an agricultural area for example. The data comes from 62 sites: 24 main sites with extensive financial information and 38 with limited information, but enough to make projections. When looking at for example carbon sequestration, the scientists concluded that “70% of the sites have greater monetary value as natural habitats, including 100% of forest sites” – this was based on the price of $31 to global society for each tonne of carbon produced, which is generally believed to be a very modest estimate. But even if carbon would not be taken into account at all, it was still found that 42% of the main sites are worth more to us financially in their natural state.

People mainly exploit nature to derive financial benefits. Yet in almost half of the cases we studied, human-induced exploitation subtracted rather than increased economic value

said study co-author Dr. Kelvin Peh of the University of Southampton.

The only sites where it was calculated that financial gains where higher when exploited, were those used to harvest high price commodity crops like sugar or cereal. However, in many sites currently suffering degradation caused by farming rubber, tea and cocoa, overall financial value would be higher if they had stayed as natural habitats. Additionally, the scientists note that even from the 24 main sites with extensive data, the results are conservative. Trying to equalise a natural area with financial gains is not easily done, yet data across all 62 sites shows that financial gains were typically delivered at a much higher levels by natural habitats.

Political leaders respond – a new statistical framework

The monetary worth of nature has also led decision makers worldwide to take action. On the 11th of March 2021 a new statistical framework to better account for biodiversity and ecosystems in national economic planning and policy decision-making was approved. This allows countries worldwide to use a common set of rules and methods to track changes in ecosystems and their services. The European Commission (EC) supported the United Nations (UN) in the development of this framework with contributions from scientists, statisticians and policymakers. The new framework goes beyond the commonly used statistic of gross domestic product (GDP) and ensures that natural capital accounts — the contributions of forests, oceans and other ecosystems — complements existing economic accounts.

To tackle the climate and biodiversity crises we have to transform our economic model. This new statistical framework moves beyond GDP and takes better account of biodiversity and ecosystems in national economic planning. It is a major development in changing the way we think about prosperity and wellbeing.

Says Executive Vice-President Frans Timmermans.

The adaption of the UN Framework by the EC is a timely one: in 2009 the EC launched the “Beyond GDP” initiative to develop and use social and environmental indicators and accounting to measure progress in a holistic way. Additionally, the European Green Deal calls for managing and integrating climate and environmental risks into the financial system, while the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 stresses the need to integrate biodiversity considerations better into public and business decision-making at all levels. The framework will allow for a substantial change in economic reporting.

Money talks!

EUROPARC believes that there are of course many more reasons to protect and restore our natural heritage, and indeed, we believe in the intrinsic worth of nature. Essential for human health, we need healthy ecosystems to survive. However we also know the realities of the world: Taking the financial value of natural areas into consideration would “make the economic case for conservation overwhelming.” EUROPARC welcomes the positive developments following the launch of the Green Deal and Biodiversity Strategy and we will continue to lobby and represent Protected Areas across Europe to ensure better outcomes for nature – and for people.

EUROPARC joins the new SEE project

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EUROPARC joins the new SEE project. Led by Leave No Trace Ireland, ‘SEE’ stands for Sustainability and Environmental Education in Outdoor Sports.

Outdoor sports & Nature

The connection between outdoor sports and nature seems to be an obvious one, and indeed, through the pandemic more than ever people are drawn to the outdoors. However, just because activities are practiced outside, does not mean that they are done in harmony with nature. A thought-provoking article by Alex Roddie for The Great Outdoors Magazine sheds light on this phenomenon. For some outdoor sports practitioners, there is a gap between being out in, and enjoying, nature and looking after our shared natural heritage. The ‘SEE’ projects wants to look at challenges of outdoor sports across Europe and train outdoor sports trainers in good practice, to allow increased participation so that more people can enjoy the recognised benefits of Health Enhancing Physical Activity in the outdoors.

Protected Areas and Outdoor Sports

There is no doubt, that outdoor sports offer many benefits to people of all ages. It allows for positive contact with nature, be with friends and remain mentally and physically healthy. Outdoor sports can often be supporters of Protected Areas and on the whole our Parks and Protected areas welcome such activities, but how can we manage these better to ensure outdoor sports are more sustainable and that the impacts of such activities are minimised and mitigated?

To answer that question, EUROPARC has joined the SEE project: an extensive collaboration with partners from across Europe that together want to explore the topic of sustainability and environmental education. The project began in January of this year and is funded by the European Commission under the Erasmus + Sports programme. It will run for three years.

Practicing outdoor sports in harmony with nature needs well-educated trainers of outdoor sports on the topic of sustainable outdoor activities

This is why EUROPARC is excited to join this project. To practice outdoor sport in Protected Areas in harmony with nature, we need trainers of outdoor sports themselves to have sound environmental and sustainable training, knowledge and skills, in order to build this capacity in the whole sector.

The project

Mountain biker in the Menorca Race

The SEE project takes on a multi-disciplinary approach to the development and application of training needs. The approach ensures that it is both robust yet deliverable in a practical manner for grassroots outdoor sports. In it’s initial stage, the project will examine the challenges facing increased participation of outdoor sport across Europe. With this data a toolkit, which will emphasise educational and environmental good practise, will be developed. This toolkit will undergo rigorous testing and evaluation throughout Europe, and the results will be disseminated across social media platforms, including the creation of a SEE project website.

Ultimately this project is about the citizens of Europe enjoying a better, healthier, and happier lifestyle.

Ensuring that outdoor sports are managed sustainably and responsibly in natural and Protected Areas will enable greater confidence to allow increased participation, so that more people can enjoy the recognised benefits of Health Enhancing Physical Activity in the outdoors.

The collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach is ensured through 10 partners from 9 EU countries:

EUROPARC’s role

The project is an excellent opportunity for EUROPARC’s network to report on impacts identified by individual and multiple outdoor sports and to provide and exchange on ways to minimise and mitigate them.

To this end, we will launch a survey – in several languages – to all our members in order to identify these challenges and opportunities on all different types of habitats. We look forward to receiving your feedback, so do “watch this space” for all updates. Members will receive the link to the survey via email.

Contact

If you would like to find out more about the SEE Project, you can get in touch with Dr Noel Doyle, who is the project co-ordinator. You can email him at noel@leavenotraceireland.org
The contact person for the EUROPARC Federation is Teresa Pastor: teresa.pastor@europarc.org

We will continue to post updates on the projects through our website and social media. Already interested in proper behavior in outdoor sports? Have a look at EUROPARC’s cooperation with ENOS:

Call for tenders: External Service Contract for project evaluation

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Within the LIFE Preparatory Project, ‘LIFE e-Natura2000: supporting e-learning and capacity building for Natura 2000 managers‘, we are looking for an external service to produce a consultancy advice and to secure technical development expertise support and advice that can be delivered to consolidate and link the project’s technical tools

Purpose of the tender

The primary aim of the external services to be provided is to enable the project’s digital platforms and tools to continue to be available for a minimum of 5 years post-project end on 31 July 2021. These digital products of the LIFEedu project must continue to be accessible by partners, participants, observers, contributors and funders to understand the project’s impacts and the progress achieved towards the goals and objectives of the project.

Consultancy advice

First, the contracting authority is looking to engage an experienced external service provider to produce a consultancy advice that will underpin the long-term legacy of the LIFEedu project. The consultancy advice required will be represented by the appointed contractor in the form of a concise, informative and visually appealing report: it should be ‘light’ on text and provide clearly presented visual and graphic information, specifically to be accessible to non-technical audiences. The report will inform the formally required LIFE Programme reports:

  • Guidelines for Replicability,
  • the After-LIFE Plan, and the
  • Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Report.

Where relevant and as part of the post-LIFE reporting legacy, the content of the consultancy report will be incorporated in to the final version of these required project documents to assist with the reporting and dissemination of the project actions and results.

Technical development expertise, support and advice

Second, the contracting authority is looking to secure technical development expertise, support and advice that can be delivered to consolidate and link the project’s technical tools (the LIFEedu Moodle and smartphone app) to establish an integrated digital learning environment for users and trainers alike. This part of the contract will require the contractor to provide an element of training support for the contracting authority’s staff (and that of one other partner). The training should focus on enabling the contracting authority (and partner) to be able to further develop and easily upload content and visuals as the app continues to be maintained post project. In addition, an essential further element of the integrated technical development of the project’s tools to be delivered by the external service contractor will be to result in the integrated management of content for the two project tools. This will include:

  • Evaluation of the current Moodle and existing smartphone app data results.
  • Recommendations of alternative Moodles/ learning platforms that could be used in place of the current Moodle, as well as recommendations about how the current Moodle could be changed and improved.
  • Essentially, the recommendations of other learning platforms must also take into account technical issues – for example, these should include but are not restricted to:
    o Storage capacity
    o Ability to make content translatable and available in multiple languages
    o Flexibility and ability to accommodate increased numbers of users
    o How to issue access permissions and registration processes for users
    o Administration requirements, rights and procedures etc.
  • An analysis of the project Moodle’s current reporting elements in order to build a more streamlined (mini-) data platform.
  • Creating ways to structure new and more accessible data reports for integrated management of the project’s Moodle and smartphone app.
  • Some technical development of the app to improve its functionality and links with other digital platforms – for example, a plug-in function for webinars organised by the contracting authority.

The outputs required from this external service contract and the two areas of work described must be complementary and enhance the digital experience of all users, in particular, project participants and project staff. The results should provide for an enhanced and personalised data-driven experience for all users.

Find the tender specifications here

Please consider the tender specifications carefully. The deadline for applications is 12.00 noon on 17th of March 2021.

New study: Europe’s forests more vulnerable due to climate change

Lahemaa NP. Photo: Riina Kotter

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According to a new study carried out by the EU Joint Research Centre, climate change has made Europe’s forests more vulnerable to hazards like fires, insect outbreaks, windthrows, or combinations of these.

Over half of Europe’s forests threatened by climate change

The study found that more than 60% of the biomass in Europe’s forests – which is over 33 billion tonnes in total – is exposed to climate-related risks. The findings puts the future role of forests for timber provision or carbon sequestration under growing uncertainty.

Read the study Emergent vulnerability to climate-driven disturbances in European forests!

Mature Forest - Photo by Carles Batlles/Lluís Comas

Mature Forest – Photo by Carles Batlles/Lluís Comas

The paper was recently published in the Nature Communications journal, and explores forest vulnerability at regional and continental scales.

Using machine-learning models and satellite data from 1979 to 2018, the researchers measured and mapped the vulnerability of Europe’s forests to the above mentioned hazards. The study revealed, for example, that vulnerability to insect outbreaks has increased over the examined period, especially in the rapidly warming northern forests of Scandinavia and European Russia.

The northern regions have seen increases in insect vulnerability of around 2% per decade.

While quantifying the effects of natural risks to forests’ resilience and productivity at large scales is a major challenge for scientists, understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial to developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Learn more about Climate change adaptation and Protected Areas

Towards better protection of Europe’s forests

Forest tree cover makes up nearly 40 % of Europe, making it one of the most forest-rich regions in the world. Besides providing timber and wood products, our forests are home to many ecosystems, they provide habitats for a major part of Europe’s biodiversity and play a crucial role in carbon sequestration.

In the framework of the European Green Deal, the European Commission is currently developing a new EU Forest Strategy, which should be adopted later this year. The proposal is expected to cover the whole forest cycle and promote sustainable forest management, afforestation and preservation in order to increase the potential of forests to absorb and store CO2, while protecting biodiversity.

Find out more about Forestry in our Knowledge Hub!